Short answer: A battery chemistry that tolerates regular full charges, lasts longer, but has slightly less energy density than NMC batteries.
Explanation
LFP stands for Lithium Iron Phosphate, a battery chemistry increasingly used in EVs, particularly in standard-range models. The key advantage of LFP batteries is durability: they tolerate being charged to 100% regularly without significant degradation. This means you do not need to worry about setting a charge limit at 80% for daily use.
LFP batteries are also safer and cheaper to produce than NMC batteries, which is why manufacturers use them in more affordable models. The trade-off is lower energy density, meaning an LFP battery of the same weight stores slightly less energy than an NMC battery. This typically translates to a bit less range, which is why LFP is used in standard-range variants while long-range versions often use NMC.
You should know which chemistry your car uses because it affects charging habits. LFP batteries benefit from occasional full charges (to 100%) for accurate SoC calibration. NMC batteries are best kept between 20% and 80% for daily use. Check your car's manual or manufacturer website if you are unsure.
Where you'll see this
- In vehicle specifications
Common confusion
People apply the '80% daily limit' rule to all EVs. This rule is for NMC batteries. LFP batteries should be charged to 100% regularly for better calibration and longevity.
Example
The Tesla Model 3 Standard Range uses LFP batteries and Tesla recommends charging to 100% daily. The Long Range version uses NMC and Tesla recommends an 80% daily limit.
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